MundoAndino Home : Andes Chile Guide at Mundo Andino
Iquique
Iquique is a city in northern Chile, capital of Tarapaca Region, on the Pacific coast, just west of the Atacama Desert and the Pampa del Tamarugal. It had a population of 216,419 as of the 2002 census. The city's name comes from the Aymara word "Ique-ique", which translates to "laziness", but can also mean "sleep" or "bed."
Iquique has one of the largest duty-free commercial port centers (or Zona Franca) of South America and has been traditionally called Zofri. There are around 2.4 km of warehouses, banking branches, and restaurants.
History
Although the city was founded in the sixteenth century, there is evidence of habitation in the area by the Chango people as early as 7000 BC. During colonial times, Iquique was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as much of South America was at the time and remained part of Peruvian territory until the end of the 19th century. Iquique's early development was due in large part to the discovery of mineral riches, particularly the presence of large deposits of sodium nitrate in the Atacama Desert (then part of [[Peruvian territory). Some of the greatest Peruvian heroes were neighbors in Iquique, namely Alfonso Ugarte (who was elected Mayor in 1876), Ramon Zavala, a rich saltpeter entrepreneur; Guillermo Billinghurst, later President of Peru (who after being overthown in 1914 came to Iquique - then already under Chilean rule - to live out his last years).
[Atacama border dispute|territorial disputes]] between Bolivia and Chile triggered the War of the Pacific in 1879. The outcome of the war gave Chile this portion of the Peruvian territory. Over the years there was much emigration from other parts of Chile to the area which they called the Norte Grande. In subsequent years the further exportation of Chilean saltpeter (mainly to European countries) significantly helped in the development of the city, attracting foreigners and rapidly expanding housing projects.
In december 1907, the city was marred by the Santa Maria de Iquique Massacre when the army, under the command of Gen. Roberto Silva-Renard, opened fire on thousands of saltpeter miners, their wives and children, assembled inside the Santa Maria School. The workers had marched into town to protest their working conditions and wages. Somewhere between 500 and 2,000 were killed. The folk group Quilapayun recorded an album in remembrance of the event (Cantata Santa Maria de Iquique) in 1970. In December 2007 a series of cultural and ceremonial activities have been planned, culminating in the week between 14 to 21 December, to commemorate the centenary year of the massacre.
Trivia
In July 1835, Charles Darwin, during his voyage on the Beagle, travelled to Iquique and described a town very much in want of everyday necessities, such as water and firewood. These had to be brought in from a considerable distance. Darwin also visited the saltpeter works.
In 1868 and again in 1877, the former Peruvian city was devastated by earthquakes. On 13 June 2005 there was yet another earthquake, with a magnitude of 8.1 on the Richter Scale.
The Battle of Iquique was fought in the harbour of Iquique on May 21, 1879, now commemorated as Navy Day, an annual public holiday in Chile.
The most recent accident involving a spacecraft RTG was the failure of the Russian Mars 96 probe launch on 16 November 1996. The two RTGs onboard carried in total 200 g of plutonium and are assumed to have survived reentry (as they were designed to do). They are thought to now lie somewhere in a northeast-southwest running oval 320 km long by 80 km wide which is centred 32 km east of Iquique, Chile.
External links
Iquique's CityHall (in Spanish)
Digital Newspaper Iquique On Line (in English)
Somos Iquique Blog (in Spanish)
Zona Franca de Iquique (in Spanish)
Primer Portal de la Region Tarapaca (Iquique y el Tamarugal) (in Spanish)
Santa Maria de Iquique Massacre Centenary (in Spanish)
Need more information for your travel research or homework?
Ask your questions at the forum about Capitals of Chilean provinces or help others to find answers.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Iquique
