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Temuco
Temuco is the capital of the Araucania Region, Chile. The name comes from the Mapudungun language, meaning "temu water"; "temu" (Blepharocalyx cruckshankii) is a tree used by Mapuches for medicinal purposes. The city is located 670 km south of Santiago. Because it is near lake-based resort centers, it is considered a hub for tourist excursions.
Chilean poetry has deep roots in Temuco. Nobel Poets Gabriela Mistral and Pablo Neruda both lived in Temuco. Mistral was the principal of an all-girls school where Pablo (Neftali Reyes) would visit her and show her his first verses when he was around 15 years old.
History
The city was founded on February 24, 1881 as a fort during the Occupation of the Araucania. Manuel Recabarren, in charge of the project, named the place Fuerte (Fort) Recabarren.
Formed as a military encampment, Temuco had in its origins the attributes of a camp, and a year after its founding, the first major streets started to form in the downtown area.
On April 15th, 1888, the first city officers were elected including the first mayor Jose del Rosario Munoz. The city grew quickly; a census in 1895 indicated a population of 7,708 people, and when Cautin was declared a province, Temuco became its capital, with its population by that time of 16,037 people.
The city was affected by the 27 February 2010 earthquake. Easy Voyage, "Le Chili 5 jours apres le seisme", 4 March 2010 (accessed 4 March 2010)
Geography and climate
Temuco is located in the center-south of Chile, equidistant between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes. Morphologically, the city placement corresponds to Cautin River-originated fluvial land masses that developed in a crushed form between two hills, Nielol (350m) and Conunhueno (360m).
The city is surrounded by an environment typical to central-southern Chile, consisting mostly of plantations of coniferous forests in the midst of a central prairie of moraines and cones next to the foothills of the Andes. The zone produces many crops and fruits, and has an abundance of forests, particularly alerce, roble and lingue. Despite all this, air quality has deteriorated because burning wood is the primary source of heat for most of the city. Air pollution is generally kept under control by the frequent rain in winter.
Climatologically, Temuco corresponds to Chile's central valley Mediterranean region, with more humid and temperate weather. Through the year, cyclonic and anticyclonic influences alternate, with a short dry summer period (when compared to Santiago or other central valley cities). Its mean annual temperature is 12C, with highest median during the warmest month of 23.5C and lowest median during the coldest month of 3.9C . Annual mean rain during 1961-1990 was 1.157 mm .
Demographics
Greater Temuco has a population of 260,878 (2002 census), which makes it the second largest city south of Santiago (behind Concepcion), and the sixth largest in the country. One of the distinctive features of Temuco is the strong presence of the Mapuche culture, who make up (13.05%) of the population in the Temuco commune, and numerous German immigrant colonies . Temuco proper has a population of 227,086.
In 2010, Temuco was affected by the earthquake on February 27th. It was one of the most affected regions of Chile besides Santiago, Concepcion, and Valparaiso and others. The earthquake was 8.8 on the Reichter scale, had horrible aftershocks, and tsunamis(which didn't affect Temuco due to its not being near the coast).
Transport
Traffic is frequently congested during working hours and parking on public streets in the downtown sector is difficult to find and is controlled with parking fees being charged. Many streets are one-way, and marked with an arrow, if and when visible or installed.
In residential areas people frequently park on either side of the street, regardless of traffic direction and in some areas vehicles may be seen parked either entirely or partiallywith only one side of the vehicleon the sidewalk or grass area.
Traffic signals frequently use green arrows to control turns and right hand turns are not permitted when a red light is showing unless there is a specific sign authorizing such a turn.
Drivers often disregard marked traffic lanes and many buses and collective taxis will stop virtually anywhere to take on or discharge passengers.
Buses and collective taxis are the most popular massive transport. The bus fare is $140 or $170 for students an $350 for adults; the colectivos charge $400 ($500 at night). Regular taxis are also available.
Maquehue Airport is commercial air terminal for Temuco located to the South of the city. Because its low capacity, the Chilean Airport Direction is projecting a new and bigger airport for Temuco. It would be located near Freire, about 20 minutes southern from Temuco. At the time there is a controversy because it would be located in Mapuche areas.
The railroad connects Temuco with Victoria to the north and points in between.
Temuco does not have a rapid transit rail system.
Important places
Alemania AvenueIs the principal artery in Temuco. Here we can find The Araucaria Museum building (19th century Chilean style); the Menchaca Lira Campus of Art Building ; The English Alley, where we can find the Red Cross Building and a Blue house (Both Victorian styled).
Recently, Alemania Av. has become an important commercial centre. Several restaurants, drug stores, boutiques, supermarkets and two shopping malls have been opened there. There is also a Casino and a five stars hotel in the same avenue.
The core of Downtown Temuco is the Main Square Anibal Pinto. Temuco's Main Square is the only one in Chile that was not built with a water fountain in its centre; an art gallery was built in 1981 as part of a total renewal. Compared to other main squares of southern Chile, Temuco's main square is modern. It was named one of Chile's most beautiful plazas.
It is a tradition, in all creole cities in Chile, that some specific buildings must be in front of the main square; in Temuco, this tradition was broken. Main Squares are supposed to be surrounded by : a Cathedral , the Municipality , a Theatre (there used to be a film theatre in front of it), a Fire Station ,a School (there is no school in front of the main square), and a Bank (there are four banks around the main square)
Cerro NielolThe Nielol Hill represents the original forest of the whole southern Chile area as it was before the Spanish people colonize it. It has also a special meaning for the Mapuche population. We can also find a restaurant at the top and a viewpoint of the east side of the city and Padre Las Casas, across the river. It is a "must" for visitors. The Southern Andean Volcano Observatory has its office there.
Other features
The central market is one of the best places to get Mapuche crafts. It has a meat market and shops selling woodcrafts, artifacts, wool knits, and similar goods.
External links
Spanish
Ilustre Municipalidad de Temuco
Cuerpo de Bomberos de Temuco
Primera Compania de Bomberos de Temuco
Mercado Municipal de Temuco
Foro de Jovenes de Temuco
Foro de Opinion de Temuco
Museo Nacional Ferroviario Pablo Neruda
English
Temuco City Guide, by All Southern Chile and Patagonia
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Temuco
