Caldera is a seaport in the region of Atacama. It has an excellent harbor, protected by breakwaters, being the port city for the productive mining district centring on Copiapo to which it is connected by the first railroad constructed in Chile. In 1903, 2,130 people lived in Caldera. (Actual population ca 14.000 inhabitants)
Location and Climate
Caldera lies about 75 km west of Copiapo at the Pacific. The climate is very dry and hot, because of its location on the Atacama deserts coast.
History
1687 Englishman Edward Davis reached the Playa Bahia Inglesa (English Beach) 6 km south of Caldera. 1840 William Wheelwright of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company visitted the region of Caldera. On his proposal the first railway was created in the year of 1851 from Copiapo to Caldera. Its inaguration was on Christmas Day in 1851. Caldera became an important port for the exportation of minerals.
The city was officially founded on 23rd September 1850.
Frequently there were earthquakes and tsunamis. The last earthquakes were 1868, 1877 and 1922.
Tourist Attractions
The church of San Vicente de Paul (dated 1862) and the cave of Padre Negro are worth visiting. Padre Velasquez painted biblical motifs in the cave in 1978. There is a nice beach at Bahia Playa Inglesa. 11 km northwards is the "Santuario de la Naturaleza Granito Orbicular" where orbicular granite can be seen. 30 km in the north is Pan de Azucar National Park with mist forests and Humboldt penguins.
Economy
Mainstays of the economy are copper ore mining and cultivation of citrus plants which are exported via the port. Fishing and tourism play also an important role. The nice beaches attract many visitors.
Picture Gallery
Image:Bahia Inglesa.JPG|Bahia Inglesa Image:2005.11.08_005_Granito_Orbicular_Caldera_Chile.jpg|Orbicular granite Image:2005.11.08_022_Caldera_Chanaral_Chile.jpg|Blossoming dessert in 2005 Image:2005.11.08_021_Flor_Caldera_Chile.jpg|Blossoming dessert in 2005
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Caldera,_Chile
