The most famous Peruvian prison massacres occurred on June 18 and 19, 1986, after a series of prison riots in the prisons in San Juan de Lurigancho, Santa Monica, and El Fronton in Lima and Callao, Peru. The violent military response to repress these riots resulted in the loss of at least 224 lives.Human Rights Watch. "World Prison Massacres." Available online.
Antecedents
During the internal conflict in Peru, the bloody campaign by Peruvian Maoist group Shining Path hit its peak in 1983 and was responsible for the deaths of thousands of inhabitants of the rural regions of Peru. The Military of Peru, which had been dispatched to put down the insurgency, was also responsible for the deaths of thousands of Peruvians, as it treated campesinos as potential terrorists or terrorist sympathizers.
At the beginning of his presidency President Alan Garcia demonstrated an interest in changing the counter-subversive strategy of his predecessor, Fernando Belaunde Terry, with the purpose of reducing human rights violations against the civilian population, by calling on the civil society to propose solutions to the problem of political violence in Peru. Nevertheless, his government authorized the prison massacres, putting Peru's human rights violations back into the national and international spotlight.
The riots
On June 18, 1986 at 6:00 in the morning, the prisoners began to riot. The riot occurred while a congress of the Socialist International, of which Alan Garcia's APRA party was a member, was taking place in Lima. The prisoners in San Juan de Lurigancho, El Fronton, and the women's prison in Santa Monica, who had tacit control of the prison interiors, rose up and took prison guards as well as three journalists hostage. They demanded the immediate release of 500 people imprisoned for terrorism. Garcia and his government were caught off guard by the uprising. At 10:00, an emergency cabinet session began with the participation of Garcia and military commanders. Three hours later, the Minister of the Interior, Abel Salinas, announced that if the prisoners did not surrender, the prisons would be taken by force. That day, the Shining Path caused a wave of murders and attacks in Lima that left several dead.
Negotiations
The government of Peru sent a negotiating commission formed by Caesar Samame, Augusto Rodriguez Rabanal and Fernando Cabieses, who arrived at El Fronton at 4:30 in the afternoon to negotiate with the prisoners there. These negotiations did not bring about results.
The assault
At 6:00 in the evening, when the negotiations had not brought about favorable results, the order to assault the prisons was given. The first attack began in the women's prison at Santa Monica, where the Republican Guard, which at the time was responsible for protecting Peru's borders and prisons, regained control of the prison relatively quickly. They demolished a wall and they sent tear and paralyzing gases into the prison. In two hours the hostages were released, and two people had died.
At midnight, June 19, the assault on the prison on the island of El Fronton commenced. The assault was carried out under the command of the Navy of Peru.
The director of the prison, a judge, and the public prosecutor had protested against the presence of the sailors, who they had denied authorization to act inside the prison, and declared that they were no longer responsible for what occurred inside the prison or the results of the assault.
Meanwhile, from the island of El Fronton the vice-minister of the Interior, Agustin Mantilla, announced that the island was under the control of the Joint Command, affirming that restricted military zone had been declared.
Later Navy attacked the "Blue Ward" El Fronton, which is where Shining Path members were imprisoned, with support of navy infantry. Later, with the aid of helicopters, the walls of the prison were destroyed. During the assault three members of the Peruvian Armed Forces, one of the hostages, and 135 prisoners were killed. Also at midnight, a swarm of the Republican Guard arrived at Lurigancho prison, and placed explosives around the outer wall of the Industrial Pavilion of the prison where the Shining Path members held a hostage. A joint offensive by troops of the Republican Guard and the Army of Peru then commenced. At 3:00 in the morning, after heavy fighting with guns and grenades, the rioters surrendered. Hours later, the 124 prisoners that occupied the building lay dead: they had been executed, one by one, of a shot in the nape of the neck.
According to a cable from the United States Department of State, "at least 100 prisoners were summarily executed."1986 State 205132. "Garcia and the Military: Plea for International Support." Hosted by the National Security Archive. Available online. Accessed January 31, 2007 The Peruvian government itself concluded that all 124 rebellious prisoners in Lurigancho prison died in the assault, and that no fewer than ninety were victims of extrajudicial executions.
The national and international scandal that resulted from this multiple crime was enormous. During President Garcia's delayed visited the place of the events, declared that there were two possibilities: "or they [the authors of the massacre] go or I go." Nevertheless nothing was ever done to the punish the guilty. In fact, Luis Giampietri, the author of the massacre at El Fronton, would later become Alan Garcia's vice president.
Citations
Other pages about History of Peru
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Other pages about Internal conflict in Peru
-APRODEH -Abimael Guzman -Barrios Altos massacre -Chuschi -Comrade Artemio -El Fronton -Elena Iparraguirre -Frecuencia Latina bombing -Grupo Colina -Internal conflict in Peru -Japanese embassy hostage crisis -La Cantuta massacre -Lori Berenson -Luis Giampietri -Maria Elena Moyano -Nestor Cerpa Cartolini -Operation Chavin de Huantar -Oscar Ramirez -Osman Morote Barrionuevo -Peruvian prison massacres -Puka Llacta -Rodrigo Franco Command -Ronda Campesina -San Cristobal of Huamanga University -Shining Path -Tarata bombing -The Dancer Upstairs -The Dancer Upstairs (film) -Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru) -Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement -Victor Polay
Other pages about Massacres in Peru
-Barrios Altos massacre -La Cantuta massacre -Peruvian prison massacres
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