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Civil Guard (Peru)
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The Civil Guard in Peru was formed as main preventive police force of Peru in 1924. It was organised and trained by a Spanish police mission sent to Peru at that time. It was not a detective force, investigations being carried out by the Investigative Police of Peru founded in the same year, while the old Republican Guard still had certain police missions. The Civil Guard was later renamed the General Police, which merged into the new National Police of Peru in 1988.
Mission
The Guardia Civil Benemerita Peru (now the National Police of Peru) was the corps of police that had as its mission: maintaining public order, while not requiring the use of armed force and the prevention of crimes and misdemeanors, the protection of people and their property, maintaining the free movement on public roads, vehicular traffic control, among others. Dependia del Ministerio del Interior. Depended on the Ministry of Interior.
Creation of the Civil Guard
The origins of the Guardia Civil of Peru dates back to 1873, when President Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle, two Supreme Decrees endorsed by the December 31 of 1873 (published in the Diario Oficial "El Peruano" on January 28 of 1874) and March 23 of 1874 provides for creation. By Supreme Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, with legislative approval April 3 of 1874, reorganized the police in the following manner:
Organizacion del Vecindario, "Neighborhood Organization", composed by the neighbors against criminals, by the Mayors.
Servicios Especiales de Policia, "Police Services", composed of the Security Police in markets and public places.
Policia de Establecimientos. "Police for Establishments.
Policia Rural. "Rural Police."
Guardias de Carceles. "Prison Guards."
Policia de Puertos, "Ports Police, regulated by the Navy.
Organizacion de la Fuerza Publica permanente, "Organization of the permanent forces," for the preservation of public order, preventing crimes and other cities.
It also refers to "urban and rural stations and of the Regular Police Force divided into Gendarmerie and the Guardia Civil. [1]
On November 9 of 1874, President Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle School of Education created the Civil Guard, which was formed by a company of 50 mountts in the Infantry Battalion Gendarmes de Lima.
During the War with Chile, Peru's Civil Guard would have a notable fighting alongside the Army of Peru and is in the Battle of Tarapaca excels where the Guardia Civil Mariano Santos Mateos whose work was critical to the Army of Peru obtained the victory in such action weapon. Mariano Santos Mateos, Tarapaca the Brave, belonged to the Infantry Battalion "Guards Arequipa" No. 25, Unit 6 consisting of Civil Guard companies, and managed to capture the battle for the Peruvian weapons, the Colonel regimentaria (flag) of the 2nd Regiment. Line Infantry Army opponent being congratulated by his action and was promoted to the next higher grade of Inspector Guard Guardia Civil del Peru.
Reorganization
The formation of the former police lasted until 1919, the year in the second government of Don Augusto Bernardino Leguia Salcedo decided to reorganize through a Legislative Decree No. 1163 issued on August 7 of 1919. Among other things provided for the establishment of "a school for aspiring police officers and individuals in the institution."
As the purpose of President Leguia was taken as a model Police Spain, asks the government of His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Don Alfonso XIII, sending to the capital of Peru on a Spanish police mission to organize and instruct the Peru to the police of the republic. Leguia through Supreme Resolution of April 4 of 1921, has a mission to recruit the Benemerita Guardia Civil from Spain, to establish the basis on which the Civil Guard should be formed of Peru, which came, and stood out, sign up at Madrid on October 1 of 1921, the diplomatic settlement that were recruited by the services of a Mission Benemerita Guardia Civil Spanish, the same as the November 22 of 1921 came to the capital of Peru and was chaired by then Lieutenant Colonel GCE Spain Mr. Pedro Pueyo. Completing the mission Captain Lord Bernardo Sanchez Visaires GCE, GCE Lord Lieutenant Adolfo Parreno Carretero, who due to illness had to return to Spain, and was replaced by the same class of CGE Lord Lieutenant Fernando Gomez Ayau and the 1st Sgt GCE Mr Jose Gomez Hernandez (First Guard instructor).
The Spanish police mission, after installed, went to work planning and formulation of projects for the reform of the police, delivering within a month of their arrival, the documentation on January 21 of 1922, having presented to the President Leguia and the Minister for Police and Leguia German Martinez, 14 bills that comprise the complete plan of reorganization of the Civil Guards, Safety and Security of the entire republic. This study was approved by the chairman of the Leguia, who considered the plan proposed in the 14 projects mentioned, the only hacedero the reorganization, for his excellent ways of adapting the economy and that despite the improvement of all services involved.
Creation of the School of Police of the Republic
As a result of work carried out by the Spanish Mission, the government issued July 3 of 1922 a Supreme Decree stipulating in its operative part the creation of the "School of Police and Civil Guard of the Republic." The purpose was to organize a corps of the Guardia Civil Spanish similar to Brock on the basis of the Gendarmerie of the Republic. Also the form of another body called the Security and Public Order on the basis of the old Guardia Civil Town and Country as well as found another body but called for Research and Monitoring, with the advantage of the Investigations Section of the Administration Police and first sergeants, graduates of the Army, or the same as serving as officers in the Gendarmerie exist.
The School of Police of the Republic initially consisted of three sections:
La 1ra., Superior de Oficiales, Senior Officials for the three bodies.
La 2da., de Tropa y Aspirantes a Clase Army and Aspiring class
La 3ra. Especial, de Aspirantes a la Seccion de Investigacion y Vigilancia y su anexo de dactiloscopia. Special Section for Aspiring Research and Surveillance of fingerprinting and its annex.
After created the School of Police and Civil Guard Supreme Decree of July 3 of 1922, there were first and a very careful recruitment of qualified personnel for the installation of the campus, getting the nomination very honorable and excellent military history for the kind of Captains, Lieutenants and Alfereces. Class sections for security and investigation were met with great care to conduct background and education and to that extent that he was a personal honor, on the opening day of school, their recruiters and trainers.
The location chosen for the School of Police of the Republic was the former Hospice of Mercy Hospital and Insane, located at Avenida Sebastian Lorente Ibanez No. 769 (Avenue of the Incas before) the traditional district of Cercado, which was in ruins, decided that the restoration and adaptation, which had already beginning the April 1st of 1922 is under the personal inspection of Lieutenant Colonel GCE Spain Mr. Pedro Pueyo, head of the Spanish Mission, and transforming providing it with all the necessary elements for the perfect operation of this kind of institutions.
The School of Police of the Republic was inaugurated on November 1 of 1922, when President Leguia, who presided over the ceremony, the government in full, with diplomatic and consular corps accredited in Lima, the military and civilian component of the population and the Spanish colony of Lima, which, in response to the initiative suggested by the Lord Lieutenant-Colonel Pedro Pueyo GCE and Spain, gave the institute the "flag of war."
The opening of the school was carried out with the discovery of the plaque, followed by the blessing of the flag of war by Mr Apostolic Nuncio, the delivery of it to the president Leguia: by the godfathers of Mrs Fabiola Ojeda, wife of Minister of Spain and the President Casino on behalf of the Spanish colony Spanish; acceptance of the offering by the President of the Republic, delivered it to the school GCE Lord Lieutenant Colonel Pedro Pueyo and Spain for the surrender in then to the campus. This act followed the delivery of the flag-bearer and his bodyguard, then Lieutenant-Colonel Lord GCE Pedro Pueyo going to Spain and trained forces proceeded to take the oath of allegiance regulation, which was answered with stentorian voice from students, was the parade of all pupils within the folds of the shows that were sworn to defend at the expense of their blood on the cross and that it was Lieutenant Colonel Pedro Pueyo and Mr. GCE Spain with his sword.
Descorrio is below the monument to the gratitude of the new institutes was erected in honor of President Leguia. Magnificent bronze bust that stood in the center of the courtyard of honor at the school, who performed the act of Mrs Fabiola Ojeda accompanied by Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Solomon Dr Alberto Osorio and awoke again cheers and applause in honor of the president. Completed visited the splendidly gifted to guests.
At the request of Lt. Col. Pedro Pueyo and Mr. GCE Spain, at the entrance to the school and so blatant, placed a large banner characters, with the motto that inspired the Benemerita Guardia Civil of Spain: "The honor is his currency " to which the president Leguia supplemented with the phrase:" As in the motherland. "
The School began operations on November 4 of 1922, graduated on September 3rd of 1923 the first batch of Civil Guards totaling up to 1988, promotions for 58 officers.
The strength of the first class graduates from the Police Academy, addressed the Commissioners for Lima, constituting the security forces.
The cavalry was formed under the name of the Cavalry Squadron of Provincial Safety, which was organized on the Cavalry Squadron Gendarmes "Lima Guard" at the "Quinta de Presa."
Subsequently organized the First Infantry Regiment of the Security constituted by battalions, which in turn merged with the Commissioners for Lima. Then, these units are spread throughout Peru, with the names of the Security Battalions of the North, Central and South, with offices in Trujillo, Arequipa and La Oroya respectively.
Similarly, the August 18 of 1924 establishing the first Joint Command of the Guardia Civil, with an Infantry Battalion, composed of two companies, and a Cavalry Squadron (formed on the basis of the former Police on horseback) . Its investigation began the same month, graduated in 1925, being the highlights of the two Civil Guards infantry company headquarters to the San Lazaro is located at Calle Matamoros, in the Rimac and the Cavalry Squadron of the Cuartel shred Conchucos in the Barrios Altos, Lima, headquarters that the years would become the headquarters of the Cavalry Squadron Guards School of the School of Police and the Guardia Civil to the end of 1965 they moved to the Center for Instruction Civil Guard (now School Officers PNP) Mariano Santos "in the Countryside, Chorrillos.
On January 14th of 1929 the Traffic Battalion was created, a merit of Act No. 6468, to control traffic in the Capital of Peru, named Major GC Edilberto Salazar Castillo as its first chief. The service was started in November of that year.
Augusto B. Leguia reorganize the Corps Security Forces of the Republic, by decree of the Supreme March 17 of 1930, with the autonomy of the role of cavalry in the Police Cavalry Squadron and the Provincial Security becomes the First Cavalry Regiment Security, moving the entire unit Caballeria Thriller, jockeys and horses, the "Quinta de Presa" the Barracks "The Potato", ratified at GC Col. Rufino Manuel Martinez Martinez as Head of the First Infantry Regiment of the Security and appointed Lieutenant Colonel Manuel GC Pella Caceda as First Chief of the First Cavalry Regiment based at the Security Headquarters "The Potato."
With the reform of the January 5th of 1944 the Corps of the Guardia Civil and Security were merged into one body called the Civil Guard. Under a government mandate that the staff responsible for providing services in the towns were called Urban and Civil Guard, which they did in the fields, Rural Civil Guard.
Since then, the Guardia Civil of Peru was evolving face since 1980 the serious problem of subversion, increasing its strength, taking on new tasks and creating different specialties.
Unification of the Police Forces
The president Alan Garcia Perez, in his first government, launched on September 14 of 1985, under the law, Congress approved 24,294 of the Republic, a reorganization of the police force.
On February 4 of 1986, continuing with the project undertaken, legislative decrees were issued Nros. 370, 371, 372 and 373 relating to the Organic Law of the Ministry of the Interior, the Code of the police force, Organic Law of the Civil Guard, Police Department and the Republican Guard.
Legislative Decree No. 371 "Code of the police force" laid the foundations for the creation of the final National Police of Peru.
The Act establishes a single command (ie the Directorate General of police forces) and also the formation of a single study center for the preparation of police officers (known as the School Officers of the police force based at the former Center Instruction de la Guardia Civil "Mariano Santos" in The Countryside - Chorrillos) and a national school for the guards and agents (referred to National Police headquarters at the former Center for Instructional Republican Guard in Puente Piedra).
On November 7 of 1988 was enacted Law 24,949 of December 6 of 1988 amending the relevant articles of the Political Constitution of Peru of 1979 finally created the National Police of Peru.
The objectives sought were, among others, to integrate the three police forces to make better use of economic resources, eliminate the conflict that existed between them caused by "double role" and, above all, provide better service to society.
With the unification of the Civil Guard police force became known as "General Police (Police General) until 1991.
Ranks and titles
The hierarchy of the Guardia Civil of Peru was structured according to the following template:
1. Oficiales Generales: General Officers:
Teniente General. Lt. General.
General. General.
2. Oficiales Superiores: Senior Officers:
Coronel. Colonel.
Teniente Coronel. Lt.-Col.
Mayor. Mayor.
3. Oficiales Subalternos: Junior:
Capitan. Captain.
Teniente. Lieutenant.
Alferez. Ensign.
4. Suboficiales (NCOs):
Suboficial Superior. Senior Sergeant.
Suboficial de 1ra. 1st Sergeant.
Suboficial de 2da. 2nd Sergeant.
Suboficial de 3ra. 3rd Sergeant.
5. Clases y Guardias: Classes & Guards:
Sargento 1ro. 1st Sargeant
Sargento 2do. 2nd Sergeant
Cabo. Corporal
Guardia Civil. Civil Guard
Hymn of the Guardia Civil of Peru
Himno de la Guardia Civil del Peru
Guardias Civiles en himno de gloria, Civil Guard anthem glory
ensalcemos la noble mision, ensalcemos the noble mission,
orgullosos de ser lo que somos, proud to be who we are,
los soldados de la abnegacion, soldiers of the dedication,
De la madre Espana la noble, In Spain the noble mother,
Benemerita Institucion, Brock Institution
seguiremos sus vivos ejemplos, will continue its live examples,
mantendremos su heroico blason, keep your arms heroic,
Guardias Civiles en himno de gloria, Civil Guard anthem glory
ensalcemos la noble mision, ensalcemos the noble mission,
orgullosos de ser lo que somos, proud to be who we are,
los soldados de la abnegacion, soldiers of the dedication,
Patron Saint of the Guardia Civil of Peru
Captain GC Alipio Ponce Vasquez was born in 1906 in the District of Apata province Jauja, department of Junin, joined in 1924 as a Student-Guard, the "School of Police and Civil Guard" with egresando Class Guard Security Corps of the Republic, on March 15th of 1925. It amounts to the CS Cabo July 21 of 1927, a Sergeant 2nd. CS on March 10 of 1930 and the 1st Sgt. CS on October 10 of 1932.
In 1931 he was appointed instructor in the School of Police and Civil Guard. After his promotion to Sergeant 1st. he was assigned to the 1st. Comandancia de la Guardia Civil y luego a la Primera Compania del Batallon de Seguridad del Norte (Command of the Guardia Civil and then to the First Security Company of the Battalion of the North) which provides services to early 1935.
On April 3 of 1935 became a Sub-Officer-to-School Student of the School Officers of the Guardia Civil and police, and January 7 of 1937 as a graduate Ensign GC, going to serve in various units until 1940.
For the degree of promotion is 1st Lt. GC. March 1941.
When the events of 1941 on the northern border, Lt. GC Alipio Ponce Vasquez was assigned, after service in the province of Huanta, department of Ayacucho - on March 25 at the Civil Guard Detachment established the Northern Border , as an officer of the First Company who then commanded the Captain GC Conrado Ruiz Oliva.
Participated in the decisive Battle of Zarumilla, achieving notable victories in the stock of weapons that culminated in the taking of Quebrada Seca, Carcabon and Huabillos. It was in taking the post of Lieutenant Carcabon where GC Alipio Ponce Vasquez on July 25 of 1941, under the command of thirty civil guards and infantry of the Army of Peru from his post after 25 minutes of action, managed to dislodge the forces opponents, raising the mast the national flag. The next day launched a surprise attack against Huabillos position, the enemy could not contain.
On September 11th of 1941 was killed during a reconnaissance, when his group was ambushed in the valley Porotillo (Ecuador).
Twelve days after his death by Supreme Decree 23 September of 1941, the Peruvian Government awarded him the posthumous promotion to the grade of captain of the Guardia Civil.
On September 10 of 1966 inaugurated a bust commemorating his actions in the square "Captain GC Alipio Ponce Vasquez" located on the sixth block of Jiron Apurimac in Callao.
The headquarters of the 27th. Command of the Guardia Civil (Police Region today) of Callao and Educational Center of the Guardia Civil (now PNP) have his name.
During the Government of the EP Division of General Francisco Morales Bermudez Cerrutti by Supreme Decree No. 28-78-IN of August 29th of 1978 is declared a hero of the Civil Guard (now PNP) Captain Alipio Ponce Vasquez.
By Supreme Resolution No. 2269-78-GC/SG of September 4 of 1978 is declared patron of the Guardia Civil (now PNP) Captain Alipio Ponce Vasquez.
Congress declared it a national hero by Law No. 24658 April 24 of 1987, ordering that his remains rest in the Crypt of Heroes.
On September 11th of 1987 Benemerita the Founders Society of Independence, Winners of the May 2 of 1866 and Qualified Defenders of the Fatherland incorporated in its National Heroes Gallery Captain GC Alipio Ponce Vasquez.
Notes
1. El Articulo 14 del Capitulo IV del Decreto Supremo rubricado el 31 de diciembre de 1873 , textualmente dice: La Fuerza Regular de Policia se divide en dos Clases: Guardia Civil y Gendarmeria (la ultima a caballo y con labor de Policia Rural). (Article 14 of Chapter IV of Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, reads: "The Regular Police Force is divided into two classes: the Civil Guard and Gendarmerie (the last horse to work with Police and Rural)).
Bibliography
Album del Cincuentenario de la Guardia Civil del Peru, 1972, articulo: Breve Resena Historica de la Policia en el Peru . Album of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Civil Guard of Peru, 1972, article: Brief History of the Police in Peru.
Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano L, N 400, Noviembre-Diciembre 1982, folleto adjunto: La Guardia Civil del Peru (paginas desglosables) . Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Year L, No. 400, November-December 1982, attached brochure: The Guardia Civil del Peru (pages broken down).
Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano LVI, N 434, Noviembre-Diciembre 1988, articulo: Historia de la Guardia Civil del Peru refleja abnegacion, sacrificio, patriotismo y heroicidad a la patria ya la sociedad, que la cubre de gloria e inmortalidad, paginas 10-20 . Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano LVI, No. 434, November-December 1988 article: History of the Guardia Civil of Peru reflects dedication, sacrifice, heroism and patriotism to the nation and society, which covers the glory and immortality , pages 10-20.
External links
Policia Nacional del Peru Official site
Museum of the Policial del Peru
The Spanish Guardia Civil
La Guardia Civil y Policia en la Guerra del Pacifico (the Civil Guard and Police in the War of the Pacific)
Benemerita Guardia Civil del Peru "El honor es su divisa"
Heroes of the Guardia Civil del Peru
Himno de la Guardia Civil del Peru
Police march "Los Caballeros de la Ley"
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Civil Guard (Peru)
