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National Police of Peru
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The Peruvian National Police is the national police force of Peru. Its jurisdiction covers the nation's land, sea, and air territories. Formed from the merger of the Investigative Police, the Civil Guard, and the Republican Guard in 1988, it is one of the largest police forces in Latin America. Its mission is to preserve domestic order, public order, and national security, in order to enforce the law and protect the people of Peru. The PNP is controlled by the Peruvian Interior Ministry. The PNP has a number of divisions, tasked with enforcing specific aspects of the law; among the more well known are DINOES (Special Operations), DINANDRO (Anti-Narcotics Unit), DININCRI (Criminal Investigations), and DIRCOTE (Anti-Terrorism).
Functions of the National Police of Peru
Under its law of creation, the National Police has the following functions:
Maintaining security and public tranquility.
Prevent, combat, investigate and report crimes.
Ensure public safety.
Provide protection to children, adolescents, the elderly and women who are at risk of their freedom.
Investigate the disappearance of individuals.
Ensuring freedom of movement and control vehicular and pedestrian on the public roads and ensure the transport vehicle and rail, to investigate and report accidents, and keep records of vehicle for law enforcement, in coordination with the authority responsible.
Intervene in the carriage by air, sea, river and lake in their actions.
Monitor and control the borders and enforce the laws on control of migration of nationals and foreigners.
Providing security to the President of the Republic, the Heads of State on an official visit, the Presidents of the government and the autonomous constitutional bodies, the Congress, Ministers of State, as well as diplomats, dignitaries and other personalities.
Comply with the written Judiciary, the Constitutional Court, National Election Board, the Public Ministry and the National Electoral Office, in exercising its functions.
Participate in the establishment of security prisons, as well as the transfer of the accused and sentenced.
Participate in the implementation of the provisions on the protection and conservation of natural resources and environment, safety heritage archaeological and culture of Peru.
Ensuring the safety of goods and services, in coordination with relevant state bodies.
Participate in National Defense, Civil Defense and the economic and social development of the country.
Exercise to identify the persons for law enforcement purposes.
Exercise such other functions as provided for in the Constitution and laws.
History
The history of Peru's Police dates back to the time of the Incas, but it is in the Republican era in which the police began to define itself as an institution with a mission and functions.
The first police force appear to be part of the Armed Forces, in the period 1825 to 1839. The watchmen and guards are at this stage in charge of police functions.
The First Guardian of Order and police
After the proclamation of the independence of Peru in 1821 by the Libertador General Don Jose de San Martin establishes the "Civic Militia", with the aim of maintaining public order, with the Inspector General Don Jose Bernardo de Tagle, and Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle, who subsequently put the Supreme Government between 18231824, under the title of Supreme Delegate (January 19 to August 21 of 1822).
The protectorate Sanmartinian also recognized the presidents of the departmental function Judges Police to ensure public morals and everything related to the advancement of peoples. Between 1822 and 1823 is a standard police services by putting them in charge of "commissioners" and "Decuriones," holding to support the old "Mayors Neighborhood." At this time a secret police known as the Civil Brigade, which had as its mission to account for those who conspired against the cause of Independence, with agents in the administration of the new government and the army.
In 1823 was issued the First Constitution of Peru, which was sanctioned by the First Constituent Congress November 12 of 1823, being president of the Republic Don Jose Bernardo Tagle, which provides for the creation of three ministries: the Government and Foreign Affairs, War and Navy and the Treasury, by the exercise of the police force under the Ministry of Government.
Although in this Constitution provided that to maintain security and order, the municipalities were responsible for the "Order of Police, also made clear in its Article 165 , with respect to the Armed Forces and Police, that" constitute the Armed Forces of Earth: The Army line, the Civic Militia and Police Guard, "prioritizing the Civic Militia which will maintain public security within the limits of each Province and the Police Guard to protect the safety private roads purge of criminals, chasing criminals and subject to the orders of the respective authority. Similarly Article 177 , literally says: "We created a Guardia Police in all departments that require according to their needs."
The Liberator Simon Bolivar Palacios Don, by decree of January 7 of 1825, turned in the Civic Militia "National Guard" in order to preserve public order in each of the regions and towns. This "National Guard", made on the basis of licensed military personnel and organized under a military system, was also the reserve army of Peru and was part of the armed forces. On December 9 of 1826, the Constitution is issued for life, that an article stated that the police force becomes independent of the municipal government (which was viceroy of the time lag), from the Ministry of Government through the prefectures and Intendencias.
On January 20 of 1827 was issued a "Provisional Regulations of Police", manuscript, and initialed by the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Republic of Peru Don Marshal Andres de Santa Cruz Calaumana.
In 1834 the reappearance of the "serenos" properly armed and in uniform during the first government of Marshal Luis Jose de Orbegoso and Moncada, who perform work during the surveillance Viceroyalty. A little, "Regulation of Arequipa creates inspectors and guards, and the Forces of Order and Internal Security to pass orders Intendente Lima Police and the deputy prefect of provinces.
In his second administration (18361837), Marshal Andres de Santa Cruz police action spread throughout the land, introduced the contribution of Serenazgo; previously to pay employees called Sereno providing a continuous surveillance.
The Mariscal Agustin Gamarra, enacted in 1839 in Huancayo, a new Regulation of Police, which maintains the Police Chief at the head of a reorganized Corps of serenity and Vigilantes, establishing categories of Commander, and Lieutenant Cabos, serene and vigilant; Lima is divided into ten districts and details the various functions that are within its competence.
In 1845, Marshal Ramon Castilla Marquesado and in his first government (18451851), has a new organization the "National Guard", distributed in all departments, issued new rules and regulations to define the functions political authorities and the General Inspectorate of the expressed Force.
The National Gendarmerie
In 1851 assumed the presidency, General Don Jose Rufino Echenique Benavente who by supreme decree of April 14 of 1852 [2] reorganizes the Police Force into one body and creates the "Peru's National Gendarmerie, Police Force as armed picket of gendarmes in charge of army officers, which went into the tables of these units were also created so-called "roving Barracks."
The same year of its creation (1852) came into office 8 Companies Gendarmes Infantry Regiment and a Cavalry Gendarmes compound 4 Squadrons.
The first Gendarmeria provisions were enacted in 1853 and 1855, Marshal Ramon Castilla and Marquesado, begins his second administration (18551862), proceeding to reorganize the gendarmerie, on April 7 of 1856, [3] by merging it existing police forces, setting stringent entry requirements and increasing its strength.
However, the needs of the service, made in 1856 the Head of Government Dr. Juan del Mar, a company created 120 "caretakers" to guard Lima.
On August 7 of 1861, the old organization was disbanded and its replacement are formed in two battalions, which would be known as: Gendarmes Infantry Battalions Numbers 1 and 2.
The Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 as the host would take the Barracks Sacraments Santa Ana, located in the street of the same name and next to Plaza Italia, in Barrios Altos, now converted into the state educational institution "Heroes Cenepa "and that the battalion would be August 7 in 1919 was named the "Republican Guard".
The 1873 Police Reform
Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle, assumes the presidency on August 2, 1872, being one of its first actions to reorganize the police force.
By Supreme Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, with legislative approval April 3 of 1874, the President Manuel Pardo, reorganized the police in the following manner:
"Neighborhood Organization", composed by the neighbors against criminals, by the Mayors.
"Police Services", composed of the Security Police in markets and public places.
"Police for Establishments.
"Rural Police."
"Prison Guards."
"Port Police, regulated by the Navy.
"Organization of the permanent forces," for the preservation of public order, preventing crimes and other cities.
It also refers to "urban and rural stations and of the Regular Police Force divided into Gendarmerie and the Guardia Civil. [4] Thus was born the Guardia Civil of Peru, the Supreme Decrees issued two headings: the December 31 of 1873 (published in the Diario Oficial "El Peruano" on January 28 of 1874) and March 23 of 1874 providing for its creation. Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle confirms the organization of the Gendarmerie and the purely military, but to fulfill duties of maintaining order and security.
The new police force called the "Guardia Civil", would work to provide security and safety to citizens, while the Gendarmerie maintain the safety and security of public buildings, prisons and members of government.
During the War with Chile, the Guardia Civil of Peru would have a significant and active role to fight alongside the army of Peru and is in the Battle of Tarapaca excels where the Guardia Civil Mariano Santos Mateos whose action was critical to the Army of Peru obtains victory in this action weapon. Mariano Santos Mateos, Tarapaca the Brave, belonged to the Infantry Battalion "Guards Arequipa" No. 25, Unit 6 consisting of Civil Guard companies, and managed to capture in this war, the arms Peruvian the Colonel regimentaria (flag) of the 2nd Regiment. Line Infantry Army opponent being congratulated by his action and was promoted to the next higher grade of Inspector Guard Guardia Civil del Peru.
Police Reorganization Law
The formation of the former police lasted until 1919, the year in the second government of Don Augusto Bernardino Leguia Salcedo decided to reorganize through a Legislative Decree No. 1163 issued on August 7 of 1919. Among other things provided for the establishment of "a school for aspiring police officers and individuals in the institution."
The President of the Republic Don Augusto Bernardino Leguia Salcedo, at the suggestion of the Peruvian Army General Gerardo Alvarez, who was in Paris was able to appreciate the important and efficient services that meet the French in an institution called "Legion of the Republican Guard", Supreme Decree of August 7 of 1919 [5] provided, emulating the Republican Guard of France, the Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 was called Gendarmes Infantry Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1, which should have the same functions as the Republican Guard of Paris since it was created in His image and likeness, giving him the task of the safety of government establishments and services, "the security of the Government Palace and Congress."
The headquarters of the Infantry Battalion Gendarmes "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1 of the Gendarmerie National Cuartel Peru remained the "Sacraments of Santa Ana" in Barrios Altos, was its first Chief Sergeant Major Florentino Bustamante, who came exercise command Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 since July 9 of 1919 and continued as head of the Battalion until September 30 of 1923. Thus Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" became the Presidential Guard Infantry of the Government Palace to several years after the assassination of President Luis Miguel Sanchez Cerro on April 30 of 1933.
As the purpose of President Leguia was taken as a model Police Spain, asks the government of His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Don Alfonso XIII, sending to the capital of Peru on a Spanish police mission to organize and instruct the Peru to the police of the republic. Leguia through Supreme Resolution of April 4 of 1921, has a mission to recruit the Benemerita Guardia Civil from Spain, to establish the basis on which the Civil Guard should be formed of Peru, which came, and stood out, sign up at Madrid on October 1 of 1921, the diplomatic settlement that were recruited by the services of a Mission Benemerita Guardia Civil Spanish, the same as the November 22 of 1921 came to the capital of Peru and was chaired by then Lieutenant Colonel GCE Spain Mr. Pedro Pueyo. Completing the mission Captain Lord Bernardo Sanchez Visaires GCE, GCE Lord Lieutenant Adolfo Parreno Carretero, who due to illness had to return to Spain, and was replaced by the same class of CGE Lord Lieutenant Fernando Gomez and Sgt Ayau 1 GCE Mr Jose Gomez Hernandez (First Guard instructor).
The Spanish police mission, after installed, went to work planning and formulation of projects for the reform of the police, delivering within a month of their arrival, the documentation on January 21 of 1922, having presented to the President Leguia and the Minister for Police and Leguia German Martinez, 14 bills that comprise the complete plan of reorganization of the Civil Guards, Safety and Security of the entire republic. This study was approved by the chairman of the Leguia, who considered the plan proposed in the 14 projects mentioned, the only hacedero for the reorganization, for his excellent ways of adapting the economy and that despite the improvement of all services involved.
As a result of work carried out by the Spanish Mission, the government issued July 3 of 1922 a Supreme Decree stipulating in its operative part the creation of the "School of the Civil Guard and Police of the Republic." The purpose was to organize a corps of the Guardia Civil Spanish similar to Brock on the basis of the Gendarmerie of the Republic. Also the form of another body called the Security and Public Order on the basis of the old Guardia Civil Town and Country as well as found another body but called for Research and Surveillance (which would make the investigation of crimes) with elements taking advantage of the Investigations Section of the Administration Police and the first sergeants, graduates of the Army, or the same as serving as officers in the Gendarmerie exist.
The Police Academy was inaugurated on November 1 in 1922 and originally consisted of three sections:
La 1ra., Superior de Oficiales, 1st Senior Officials
La 2da., de Tropa y Aspirantes a Clase 2nd., Army and Aspiring class three bodies.
La 3ra. Special Section for Aspiring Research and Surveillance of fingerprinting and its annex.
The School began operations on November 4 of 1922, graduated on September 3 of 1923 the first batch of Civil Guards totaling up to 1988, promotions for 58 officers. The strength of the first class graduates from the Police Academy, addressed the Commissioners for Lima, constituting the security forces.
The cavalry was formed under the name of the Cavalry Squadron of Provincial Safety, which was organized on the Cavalry Squadron Gendarmes "Lima Guard" at the "Quinta de Presa."
Subsequently organized the First Infantry Regiment of Safety, consisting of battalions, which in turn merged with the Commissioners for Lima. Then, these units are spread throughout Peru, with the names of the Security Battalions of the North, Central and South, with offices in Trujillo, Arequipa and La Oroya respectively.
Similarly, the August 18 of 1924 establishing the first Joint Command of the Guardia Civil, with an Infantry Battalion, composed of two companies, and a Cavalry Squadron (formed on the basis of the former Police on horseback). Its investigation began the same month, graduated in 1925, being the highlights of the two Civil Guards infantry company headquarters to the San Lazaro is located at Calle Matamoros, in the Rimac and the Cavalry Squadron of the Cuartel shred Conchucos in the Barrios Altos, Lima, headquarters that the years would become the headquarters of the Cavalry Squadron Guards School of the School of Police and the Guardia Civil to the end of 1965 they moved to the Center for Instruction Civil Guard (now School Officers PNP) Mariano Santos "in the Countryside, Chorrillos.
As an entity was created to support the Health Service of the Interior and Police, by Supreme Resolution of December 4 of 1924.
On January 14 of 1929 the Battalion was created in Traffic, a merit of Act No. 6468, to control traffic in the Capital of Peru, named Major GC Edilberto Salazar Castillo as its first chief. El servicio lo inicio en noviembre de dicho ano. The service was started in November of that year.
Leguia reorganized the Corps Security Forces of the Republic, by decree of the Supreme March 17 of 1930, with the autonomy of the role of cavalry in the Police Cavalry Squadron and the Provincial Security becomes the First Cavalry Regiment Security, moving the entire unit Caballeria Thriller, jockeys and horses, the "Quinta de Presa" the Barracks "The Potato", ratified at GC Col. Rufino Manuel Martinez Martinez as Head of the First Infantry Regiment of the Security and appointed Lieutenant Colonel Manuel GC Pella Caceda as First Chief of the First Cavalry Regiment based at the Security Headquarters "The Potato."
With the reform of the January 5th of 1944 the Corps of the Guardia Civil and Security were merged into one body called the Civil Guard. Under a government mandate that the staff responsible for providing services in the towns were called Urban and Civil Guard, which they did in the fields, Rural Civil Guard.
Being President of the Republic Dr. Jose Luis Bustamante y Rivero on September 15 of 1948, the Minister for Police Doctor Julio Cesar Villegas Cerro issued a resolution granting autonomy and functional independence Corps Research and Surveillance (CIV) and establishing the Directorate of Research and Monitoring as the top command.
In 1949, being the President of the Republic EP Division of General Don Manuel Apolinario Odria Amoretti, amounts to the Directorate of Research and Monitoring in the category of DG.
Ministerial Resolution of November 9 of 1955, establishing the Preparatory Section of the Police Women's CIV and May 2 of 1956, forty women enter the Women's Section of the School of Research Assistants at the School of the Detectives National Police Academy.
In June 1960 VIC changed its name to the "Police Investigation of Peru" (PIP).
Since then Peru in the three forces are set by the Ministry of Government and Police mission and functions: The Police "Guardia Civil of Peru," the Corps of Detectives "Investigative Police of Peru" and the Corps of Gendarmerie "Republican Guard of Peru."
Unification of the Police Forces
President Alan Garcia Perez, in his first government (19851990), began on September 14 of 1985, under the law, Congress approved 24,294 of the Republic, a reorganization of the police force.
On February 4 of 1986, continuing with the project undertaken, legislative decrees were issued 370, 371, 372 and 373 relating to the Organic Law of the Ministry of the Interior, the Code of the police force, Organic Law of the Civil Guard, Police Department and the Republican Guard.
Legislative Decree No. 371 "Code of the police force" laid the foundations for the definitive establishment of the National Police of Peru.
The Act establishes a single command (ie the Directorate General of police forces) and also the formation of a single study center for the preparation of police officers (known as the School Officers of the police force based at the former Center Instruction of the Guardia Civil "Mariano Santos" in The Countryside - Chorrillos) and a national school for the guards and agents (referred to National Police headquarters at the former Center for Instructional Republican Guard in Puente Piedra).
On November 7 of 1988 was enacted Law 24,949 of December 6 of 1988 amending the relevant articles of the Political Constitution of Peru of 1979 finally created the National Police of Peru.
The objectives sought were, among others, to integrate the three police forces to make better use of economic resources, eliminate the conflict that existed between them caused by "double role" and, above all, provide better service to society.
With the unification of police forces the Civil Guard, the Police Department and the Republican Guard were renamed "General Police," Police Technology "and" Security Police "until 1991.
Today, the National Police of Peru is a modern, efficient, experienced 25 years of war against terrorism and drug trafficking, with more than 140 thousand troops, is one of the largest in Latin America, has large land units, air and water as well as special forces and commandos, who are all over the country.
Ranks and titles
The hierarchy of the National Police of Peru (since 1992) is structured in accordance with the following template:
Police Staff:
1. Police Officers
1.1 General Officers:
General of Police. [6]
Teniente General - Lieutenant General.
General. - General. [7]
1.2. Senior Officers:
Coronel - Colonel.
Comandante - Commander.
Mayor - Major.
1.3. Oficiales Subalternos : Junior officers:
Capitan - Captain.
Teniente - Lieutenant.
Alferez - Ensign.
1.4. Cadetes de la Escuela de Oficiales (Cadets of the Officers School)
2. Oficiales de Servicios (Officers Services)
2.1. Oficiales Generales (General Officers)
General - General.
2.2 Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
Coronel - Colonel.
Comandante - Commander.
Mayor - Major.
2.3 Oficiales Subalternos : 2.3 junior officers:
Capitan - Captain.
Teniente - Lieutenant.
Alferez - Ensign.
3. Personal con Estatus de Oficial (Personnel with Officer Status)
3.1. Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
Comandante Maestro Armero - Commander Master Major
Mayor Maestro Armero - Armorer Master Major
3.2 Oficiales Subalternos (junior officers)
Capitan Maestro Armero Captain Maestro Armero
Teniente Maestro Armero Lieutenant Maestro Armero
Alferez Maestro Armero Ensign Maestro Armero
4. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
4.1. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
Suboficial Superior - Superior sergeant
Suboficial Brigadier - Brigadier sergeant
Suboficial Tecnico de 1ra - Technical Sergeant 1st class
Suboficial Tecnico de 2da - Technical Sergeant 2nd class
Suboficial Tecnico de 3ra - Sergeant Technician 3rd class
Suboficial de 1ra - Sergeant 1st class
Suboficial de 2da - Sergeant 2nd class
Suboficial de 3ra - Sergeant 3rd class
4.2. Alumnos de las Escuelas de Suboficiales (Students of Schools for Non-Commissioned Officers)
Personal Subalterno de Servicios (Junior Staff Services)
Especialista Superior - Senior Specialist.
Especialista Brigadier - Specialist Brig.
Especialista Tecnico de 1ra - Technical Specialist 1st.
Especialista Tecnico de 2da - Technical Specialist 2nd.
Especialista Tecnico de 3ra - Technical Specialist 3rd.
Especialista de 1ra - Specialist 1st class
Especialista de 2da - Specialist 2nd class
Especialista de 3ra - Specialist 3rd class
Notes
1. Established in 1989.
2. El Articulo 1 del Decreto Supremo del 14 de abril de 1852 textualmente dice: " Todos los cuerpos de Policia, de Serenos y vigilantes, se reuniran en uno solo, con nombre de Gendarmeria , se empleara exclusivamente en mantener la seguridad publica" . Article 1 of the Decree of April 14 of 1852 reads: "All police forces, serenity and security guards, will meet in a single, named Gendarmeria be used solely to maintain public safety." Asimismo el 2 Articulo de este dispositivo legal expresaba la dependencia de este cuerpo Policial del Ministerio de Gobierno y Policia. Also the 2nd Article of this legal provision, expressing the dependence of the body of the Ministry of Police Affairs and Police.
3. En el Decreto del 7 de abril de 1856 expedido por Castilla se dispone que los cuerpos de policia y de vigilantes que existen hoy, se reuniran en uno solo que con el nombre de Gendarmes se empleara exclusivamente en mantener la seguridad publico; constara de dos regimientos, uno de infanteria y otro de caballeria, el primero compuesto de dos batallones y el segundo de cuatro escuadrones . In the Decree of April 7 of 1856 issued by Castilla provides that "the police and vigilantes that exist today, will meet in one with the name of Gendarmes were used solely to maintain public safety, consisting of two regiments, one infantry and cavalry, the first consisting of two battalions and four squadrons of the second. "
4. El Articulo 14 del Capitulo IV del Decreto Supremo rubricado el 31 de diciembre de 1873 , textualmente dice: La Fuerza Regular de Policia se divide en dos Clases: Guardia Civil y Gendarmeria (la ultima a caballo y con labor de Policia Rural). Article 14 of Chapter IV of Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, reads: "The Regular Police Force is divided into two classes: the Civil Guard and Gendarmerie (the last horse to work with Police and Rural) .
5. El Articulo 1 del Decreto Supremo del 7 de agosto de 1919 textualmente dice: " Los batallones de gendarmes numeros 1 y 2 tendran la misma organizacion regimentaria de los cuerpos del ejercito, con sus efectivos actuales de presupuesto y denominandose el primero Guardia Republicana, al mando de un Teniente Coronel, con 27 oficiales y 431 individuos de tropa, distribuidos en 2 batallones de 2 companias cada uno, 1 seccion de ametralladoras y la banda de musicos " . Article 1 of Supreme Decree of August 7, 1919 reads: "The police battalions Nos. 1 and 2 has the same organization regimentaria of army corps, with its current budget and called the first" Republican Guard " , commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel, with 27 officers and 431 individuals of all ranks, divided into 2 companies of 2 battalions each, 1 section of machine guns and banda music. "
6. Titulo honorifico que desde el 2000 recibe, sin que ello implique incremento remunerativo alguno, el Teniente General que desempena el cargo de Director General, habiendo sido el Teniente General PNP Juan Fernando Dianderas Ottone el primer Oficial General en recibir dicho grado policial honorifico. honorific title since 2000 is that it does not entail any increase in remuneration, the Lieutenant General who served as Director-General, having been Lieutenant General PNP Juan Fernando Dianderas Ottone General Officer in the first grade to receive the honorary police.
7. Aunque parezca discutible pero en la Policia Nacional del Peru este Grado policial es equivalente al de Mayor General. Though it may seem questionable but the National Police of Peru this degree is equivalent to police Major General.
Bibliography
Album del Cincuentenario de la Guardia Civil del Peru, 1972, articulo: Breve Resena Historica de la Policia en el Peru, pagina 13 . Album of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Civil Guard of Peru, 1972, article: Brief History of the Police in Peru, page 13.
Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano L, N 400, Noviembre-Diciembre de 1982, folleto adjunto: La Guardia Civil del Peru (paginas desglosables) . Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano L, No. 400, November-December 1982, attached brochure: The Guardia Civil of Peru (pages broken down).
Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano LVI, N 434, Noviembre-Diciembre de 1988, articulo: Historia de la Guardia Civil del Peru refleja abnegacion, sacrificio, patriotismo y heroicidad a la patria ya la sociedad, que la cubre de gloria e inmortalidad, paginas 10-20 . Revista de la Guardia Civil del Peru, Ano LVI, No. 434, November-December 1988 article: History of the Guardia Civil of Peru reflects dedication, sacrifice, heroism and patriotism to the nation and society, which covers the glory and immortality, pages 1020.
Revista de la Policia Nacional del Peru, Ano 3, N 12, Agosto de 1991, articulo: Proceso historico de la PNP a traves de las Constituciones del Peru por el Coronel PNP Carlos Orbegoso Rojas, paginas 64-65 . Journal of the National Police of Peru, Year 3, No. 12, August 1991, article: Historical process of the PNP through the constitution of Peru by Colonel PNP Orbegoso Carlos Rojas, pages 6465.
Revista de la Policia Nacional del Peru, Ano 8, N 56, Diciembre de 1996, articulo: Una gloriosa historia policial. Journal of the National Police of Peru, Year 8, No. 56, December 1996 article: A glorious history of policing. Nota historica sobre la existencia de la policia en el Peru, paginas 6-9 . Historical note on the existence of the police in Peru, pages 69.
Revista de la Policia Nacional del Peru, Ano 14, N 81, Enero-Febrero-Marzo de 2002, articulo: Caballeros de la ley, Custodios de la paz, Primera Parte, paginas 69-83 . Journal of the National Police of Peru, Year 14, No. 81, January-February-March 2002, article: Knights of the Act, the Guardians of Peace, Part One, pages 6983.
Revista de la Policia Nacional del Peru, Ano 14, N 82, Abril-Mayo-Junio de 2002, articulo: Caballeros de la ley, Custodios de la paz, Parte Final, paginas 67-83 . Journal of the National Police of Peru, Year 14, No. 82, April-May-June 2002 article: Knights of the law, custody of the peace, part, pages 6783.
External links
Policia Nacional del Peru Official Site
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