The Colombia-Peru War (September 1st, 1932 - May 24, 1933) was an armed conflict between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru.
Civilian Takeover
The war, started by a result of unrest over the Lozado-Solomon Treaty and the leverages of heavy import taxes on sugar, was started by a civilian takeover. Peruvian citizens from Iquitos began a commercial and private take over of the city. On September 1st, 1932 Sanchez Cerro Sent two regiments of the Peruvian Army to Leticia, Colombia and Tarapaca, Colombia. These actions were mostly ignored by the Colombian Government at the time.
Colombian Patriotism
It was not until September 17th of that same year that the Colombian Government took notice. The Peruvian Military Forces which were encroached upon the banks of the Putumayo River stopped several large trade ships from traveling to Leticia. The result of this was an explosion of Colombian patriotism. Laureano Gomez head of the Senate minority proclaimed, "Peace, peace, peace in the interior. War, war, war on the border against our despicable enemy."
On September 19th, El Tiempo reported that they had received over 10,000 letters calling for war and control of Leticia. That same day thousands of Colombian students marched through the streets of Bogota chanting, "Sanchez Cerro will die and Colombia will defy!" Vasquez Cobo was declared general of the Colombian Amazonian Navy and 10 Million Dollars were approved by the Senate to fund his venture. Over 400 Kilos of Gold were donated by the Colombian cities as a symbol of gratitude to Huilan engineer, Cesar Garcia Alvarez.
The War
Sanchez Cerro believed Colombia had no chance of defending itself: lacking roads and a proper Navy, the Amazon region had no Colombian military presence. It was not until December of 1932 that Vasquez Cobo reached the mouth of the Amazon River with a fleet of old ships he acquired in Europe. Within 90 days Colombia organized a respectable military response to the Peruvian invasion. Herbert Boy and the other German Aviators of SCADTA (later to become Avianca) fitted their commercial planes for war as a temporary Colombian Air Force. The first attack by the Colombian Navy was upon Tarapaca. The city had been chosen because Leticia was on the border with Brazil and the Colombian Forces did not want to create further international conflict by giving the Peruvians a chance to flee into Brazil. The recuperation of Tarapaca was a bloodless event. The day before, February 14th, 1933, the Peruvian Air Force had attempted to bomb the Colombian Fleet but most of the bombs had hit off target. The remainder of the Peruvian forces in the zone fled as Vasquez Cobo's Amazonian Navy landed the following day.
Rio De Janeiro Protocol
On the same day, the Colombian president Enrique Olaya Herrera broke off all relations with the Peruvian government due to aerial attack. Not wanting to involve Brazil in the war, the President did not order an attack on Leticia.
On April 30th, 1933, after giving a speech at the Lima Senatal Dome, General Sanchez Cerro, of the Peruvian Army, was shot to death on the steps of the dome by a young cook. 15 days later, his successor, Oscar Benavides, met with the head of the Colombian Liberal Party, Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo, to secure an agreement to turn Leticia over to a League of Nations commission.
Colombia and Peru met in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil to sign a peace treaty. In the Rio De Janeiro Protocol; as it was called, Peru stated that, "We sincerely deplore the events that occurred starting September, 1932. Specifically those that damaged our relationship with Colombia." The Lozano-Solomon Treaty was also reaffirmed by the Peace Treaty.
External links
Other pages about History of Peru
-1992 Peruvian constitutional crisis -2004 South American Summit -Acaray -Agricultural history of Peru -Alto de la Alianza -Amazonas in the Colonial Epoch -Apu Mallku -Aspero -Atacama border dispute -Barrios Altos massacre -Battle of Sipe-Sipe -Bolivar's War -Cenepa War -Chinchay Suyu -Colombia-Peru War -Cultural periods of Peru -Demographic history of Peru -Diego Fernandez -Diego Lopez de Zuniga y Velasco -Ecuadorian-Peruvian war -Expedicion Libertadora del Peru -Felipillo -Francisco Gil de Taboada -Francisco Pizarro -Fray Martin de Murua -Frecuencia Latina bombing -Gabriel de Aviles y del Fierro -Garci Manuel de Carbajal -Gonzalo Pizarro -Guaman Poma -Guayaquil conference -Hernando Pizarro -History of Lima -History of Peru -History of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian territorial dispute -History of the Incas -Huaca de la Luna -Inca Garcilaso de la Vega -Inca road system -Indigenous peoples in Peru -Inti Raymi -Japanese embassy hostage crisis -Jiskairumoko -Joaquin de la Pezuela -Jorge Basadre -Jose Antonio de Areche -Jose Baquijano -Jose Quinones Gonzales -Jose de la Mar -Jose de la Serna e Hinojosa -Juan de Saavedra -La Cantuta massacre -Lanzon -List of DNA tested mummies -List of Norte Chico sites -List of Prime Ministers of Peru -Lope Garcia de Castro -Maitland Plan -Manco Inca Yupanqui -Manuel Arredondo y Pelegrin -Maria Rostworowski -Mariano Felipe Paz Soldan -Mariano Ignacio Prado -Max Uhle -Mercurio Peruano -Movimiento Etnocacerista -Ollantaytambo -Operation Chavin de Huantar -Operation Condor -Paquisha War -Pascual de Andagoya -Pedro Cieza de Leon -Peru-Bolivian Confederation -Peruvian Ancient Cultures -Peruvian Inquisition -Peruvian War of Independence -Peruvian inti -Peruvian nuevo sol -Peruvian peseta -Peruvian prison massacres -Peruvian real -Peruvian sol -Qoriwayrachina -Raimondi Stela -Ransom Room -Repartimiento -Republic of North Peru -Republic of South Peru -Rio Protocol -Royal Audience of Quito -Shining Path -Simon Bolivar -Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire -Tacna-Arica compromise -Tacnazo -Tarata bombing -Teodoro de Croix -Third Council of Lima -Timeline of Peruvian history -Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza -Toro Submarino -Treaty of Lima -Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru) -Tumi -Tunnels of San Antonio -Tupac Amaru -Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement -Upper Peru -Vilcabamba, Peru
Other pages about Wars involving Peru
-Cenepa War -Chincha Islands War -Colombia-Peru War -Ecuadorian-Peruvian war -Gran Colombia-Peru War -Paquisha War -War of the Confederation -War of the Pacific
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