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Komikan
Komikan is a two-player abstract strategy board game from the Mapuches (formerly known as the Araucanians) of Chile. The same game is also played by the Incas under the name Taptana, Komina, Comina, Cumi, Puma, or Inca Chess. In modern Quechan, the language of the ethnolinguistic group that are the descendants of the Incas, Taptana means "chess". It is known by the Aymaras, a neighboring ethnolinguistic group to the Quechan people, as kumisina. Throughout South America the game is known as El leon y las ovejas which literally means "the lion and the sheep". The lion is actually a puma as there are no lions native to the Americas. The Mapuches also call it El Leoncito. The Mapuches (Araucanians) also called it el artificioso juego del ajedrez, al cual dan el nombre de comican which translates to "the ingenious game of chess", to which they give the name comican as described by J. I. Molina in 1787. Komikan may actually be the same game as Adugo (Jaguar and Dogs) as played by the Bororo tribe of Brazil. in 1898, Stewart Culin, the famed anthropologist, named a game played in Peru as Solitario. The same name was also used by the game historian, Murray, in 1952. The game may also be known in Peru as Kukuli. Komikan is a hunt game, and specifically a tiger hunt game (or tiger game) since it uses an expanded Alquerque board. Like all hunt games, there are two unequal forces at play. In Komikan, one player has only a single piece (usually called a "puma" or "jaguar"), or komikelu or leon (Spanish for lion), which can move one space at a time or capture the other player's pieces by hopping over them. The other player has twelve pieces (usually called a "sheep" or "goat" or "dogs"), or perros or perritos which is Spanish for "dogs" and "little dogs" respectively, that can only move one space at a time, but not capture, and attempts only to surround and immobilize the puma or jaguar. Pieces must move and/or capture following the pattern on the board. The expanded Alquerque board consist of an Alquerque board and a triangular patterned board attached on one of its side.
There are different triangular patterned board designs attached to the Alquerque board, and therefore Komikan has several variants. The standard triangular board described by Stewart Culin in 1898 (as Solitario) is only one of them. In 1918-19, Matus Z. described a Komikan board with a triangular board with two horizontal lines across its breadth, a single vertical line along its length, and two shorter vertical lines where the shorter horizontal line (the one closest to the Alquerque board) intersects with the triangle's two sides. Another board described in 1980 by J. Alcina Franch described a Taptana board with a heart-shaped triangular board with a curve line connecting to a little circle that touches the Alquerque board. This board was found at Chinchero, Peru near the capitol, Cuzco, scratched on a Pre-Hispanic wall. This board has been used as an argument that Komikan or Taptana is a Pre-Hispanic or Pre-Columbian indigenous game of South America. The last Inca emperor Atahualpa is shown on an illustration to play taptana in the Cajamarca jail with his Spanish guard before his death in 1533. The Taptana board, however, is missing a triangular board attached to it, and therefore, it looks to be a standard Alquerque board. Whether or not Komikan or Taptana is indigenous to South America, all other sources so far are after Columbus' discovery of the Americas.
Another early description of the Mapuche (Araucanian) game was described by J. I. Molina in 1787. It described that the sheep or goats step forward. The puma or jaguar (or leon) was allowed to make multiple short leaps in capturing the sheep or goats.
Related Games
Adugo
Rimau
Rimau-rimau
Bagha-Chall
Aadu puli attam
Main Tapal Empat
External links
http://www.universalis.fr/media-encyclopedie/87/V18N0003/encyclopedie/Komikan.htm
http://www.boardgamestudies.info/studies/issue1/article.shtml?depaulis.txt
http://www.draughtshistory.nl/chapter06.htm
http://www.boardgamestudies.info/pdf/issue1/BGS1Depaulis.pdf
Play Kukuli online
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Komikan
