Norberto Rafael Ceresole (Buenos Aires, August 1943 - May 4 2003) was an Argentine sociologist and political scientist, who identified himself with Peronism, left-wing militias and the ideas of his friends Robert Faurisson, Roger Garaudy and Ernst Nolte. He was accused throughout his life of being neo-fascist and anti-semitic because of his Holocaust denial and hatred of Zionism, Israel and the Jewish community.

Ceresole studied in Germany, France and Italy before becoming an advisor from 1969 to 1971 to Juan Velasco Alvarado who came into power through a military coup in Peru in 1968. During the 1970s he was one of the leaders of the Montoneros guerrilla group ERP-22 in Argentina and was forced into exile after the military coup which removed Isabel Peron from office on March 1976. He then went to Spain where he became a spokesman of Juan Peron's ideas during his exile in Madrid. From then on he became one of the main voices of Peronism in Argentina and an influential voice among some groups of military officers throughout South America. During this time he also publicly defended those who promoted a Latin American alliance with the Soviet Union such as Chilean President Salvador Allende and Manuel Pineiro, the former head of the Cuban General Intelligence Directorate.

Later Ceresole became a member of the Institute of Latin American Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and for over 20 years maintained close connections with the government of Fidel Castro as well as with some representatives of Arab countries. For a time he lived in Spain until the "Semana Santa" military rebellion of 1987 in Argentina against President Raul Alfonsin, where he became an advisor to the officials lead by Aldo Rico. In 1994, after some of the military involved in the rebellion were set free, Ceresole founded with Raul de Sagastizabal ("El Vasco") (Agrupacion Albatros) the Centro de Estudios Argentina en el Mundo and started to meet with Mohamed Seineldin, aka "Carapintada". It was through this military group that Ceresole met Hugo Chavez and began to function as an advisor to his cooperators, among them, Colonel Luis Davila and Manuel Quijada.

Presence in Venezuela

On June 15 1995 he was detained and deported out of the country by Venezuelan intelligence police (DISIP) under President Rafael Caldera because he had in his possession a document titled Proclama a la Nacion del Frente Nacional Bolivariano in which the Coup of 1992 was defended as a political option. He was accused of trying to start political links in Venezuela in particular with Hugo Chavez whom he advised from 1994 to 1995.

His reappearance in Venezuela after Chavez came into power, his close relations with senior members of the government and the publication of a book dedicated to Chavez while he was in the country with the title Caudillo, Ejercito, Pueblo: la Venezuela del Comandante Chavez (1999) (published first in Madrid then in Beirut in Arabic and then reprinted in Caracas), created a wave of concern from all sides of Venezuelan society until, at the end of 1999, he was asked by Luis Miquilena, then vice-president, to leave the country. Miquilena later declared that Ceresole left by his own initiative while Ceresole declared that he was forced by Jesus Urdaneta (head of the DISIP) paid 10,000$ by Miquilena to leave.

In the year 2000, amid accusations of his influence in Venezuelan politics he declared that "I am profoundly proud, for example, that the Venezuelan system of military intelligence was restructured following the strategic guidelines that I proposed at the time" . He also proposed in a letter to Jorge Olavarria (later published in the Venezuelan Magazine Primicia) the creation of an Office of Strategic Intelligence that could be financed by Hezbollah like his office in Madrid . However, such an office was never created.

Jose Vicente Rangel later denied any ideological influence on Chavez's administration while in the 1998 book Habla el Comandante (p.382) Chavez said that he "was reconsidering the ideas of Norberto Ceresole, in his works and studies, where he planned a project of physical integration in Latin America...this will be a project which will integrate the Continent along Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina and their ramifications".

On his return to Argentina Ceresole became an advisor to the Peronist politician Adolfo Rodriguez Saa and, once again, to Aldo Rico, whom he was helping in his campaign to become Governor of Buenos Aires Province. Ceresole died in Buenos Aires a few months later.

In May 2006, President Chavez confirmed his relationship with Ceresole during the broadcast of his weekly program Alo Presidente #255. He remembered him as a "great friend" and as an "intellectual deserving great respect" and recalled a meeting with him in 1995 near the Orinoco river in which they talked about the strategic location of Venezuela and the importance of focusing his future policy on South America instead of North America.

Works

Some of his works have been translated into Russian, Arabic and Persian.

Ejercito y politica nacionalista (1968)
Crisis militar Argentina (1986)
[ed.]. Peru: Sendero Luminoso, ejercito y democracia. Madrid, Spain; Buenos-Aires, Argentina: Prensa y Ediciones Iberoamericanas; Instituto Latinoamericano de Cooperacion Tecnologica y Relaciones Internacionales (1987)
Politica de produccion para la defensa (1988)
The South Atlantic: War Hypothesis, in Geopolitics of the Southern Cone and Antarctica (1988).
Tecnologia militar y estrategia nacional (1991)
Materiales sobre economia de la defensa y politica de la defensa (Buenos Aires, ILCTRI).
Terrorismo fundamentalista judio, nuevos escenarios de conflictos (Libertarias, Madrid, 1996)
El Nacional-judaismo: un mesianismo post-sionista, con prologo de Roger Garaudy (Libertarias, Madrid, 1997)
Espana y los judios, Expulsion, Inquisicion, Holocausto, 1492-1997 (Amanecer, Madrid, 1997).
La Falsificacion de la Realidad (Libertarias, Madrid-Buenos Aires, 1998)
La Conquista del Imperio Americano (Al-Andalus, Madrid-Buenos Aires, 1998)
Caudillo, Ejercito, Pueblo: la Venezuela del Comandante Chavez (1999)
Tres ensayos geopoliticos (2001)
La cuestion judia en la America del Sur (2003)

External links

Essays by and about Ceresole in relation to his stay in Venezuela (Spanish)
Ceresole Writings(Spanish)

References

Biography from the Instituto de Formacion y Capacitacion Politica "Gral. Juan Domingo Peron"
Biography from Spanish media
Interview with Ceresole:"Ceresole visto por el mismo"
Profile by the newspaper "El Universal"
"Venezuela del 04F-92 al 06D-98: habla el comandante Hugo Chavez Frias", edited by Agustin Blanco Munoz. (Caracas : UCV 1998) ISBN 980-07-5374-5
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