Pedro Alvarez de Toledo y Leiva, primer marques de Mancera (ca. 1585, Madrid—1654, Madrid) was a Spanish general, colonial administrator, and viceroy of Peru from December 18, 1639 to September 20, 1648.

He served in the armies in Italy, rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the royal galleys of Sicily. Thereafter he served eight years as governor and captain general of Galicia. In 1621 he married Maria Luisa Salazar y Enriquez de Navarra, tercera Senora de El Marmol.

He was named viceroy of Peru in 1639, at the age of 54. He traveled to Peru with his son, Antonio Sebastian de Toledo, second Marquess of Mancera (ca. 1621-1715). The son was later viceroy of New Spain (1664-73).

As viceroy, the first marquess introduced the papel sellado (literally, sealed paper).For the purpose of increasing royal revenues in the first part of the seventeenth century, a series of measures were adopted. One of the measures was the introduction of papel sellado, by a royal decree of 1638. This required the use of seals on official documents in the Indies, such as contracts, judicial decrees, deeds, etc. A tax was charged for the seals. He expanded the naval forces and fortified the ports of Valdivia, Valparaiso, Arica and Callao. In Callao he ordered the construction of a 4-km-long wall, which was completed in 1647.

He organized literary discussion parties, tertulias a formalized kind of official salon. In these was invented the mancerina, a ceramic or silver saucer with a framework for holding a jicara, or chocolate cup. The manufacture of mancerinas later became an industry in the Spanish towns of Manises and Talavera.

Are the end of his term as viceroy, Alvarez de Toledo returned to Spain. He died in Madrid in 1654.

Footnotes

External links

Short biography from Encarta
Some information about his marriage
Papel sellado
Information on mancerinas, with photos
Colonial-Peru

Other pages about Colonial Peru

-Alonzo de Alvarado -Ana Francisca de Borja y Doria -Ana de Castro -Andres Hurtado de Mendoza -Antonio de Mendoza -Antonio de Morga -Balconies of Lima -Baltasar de la Cueva Enriquez -Battle of Sangarara -Bernardo de Iturriaza -Blasco Nunez Vela -Cabildo (council) -Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo -Cathedral of Lima -Comentarios Reales de los Incas -Convento de San Francisco -Cristobal Ramirez de Cartagena -Cristobal Vaca de Castro -Diego Ladron de Guevara -Diego Lopez de Zuniga y Velasco -Diego Morcillo Rubio de Aunon -Diego Nunez de Avendano -Diego Quispe Tito -Diego de Almagro -Diego de Benavides y de la Cueva -Fernando Torres de Portugal y Mesia -Francisco Ruiz Lozano -Francisco de Borja y Aragon -Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa -Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza, Marquis of Canete -Government Palace (Peru) -Hans Heinrich Bruning Brookstedt -Hernando de Luque -Historic Centre of Lima -Jose Antonio de Areche -Jose Antonio de Mendoza -Jose de Armendariz -Juan Jimenez de Montalvo -Juan Pizarro II -Lima City Walls -Luis Jeronimo Fernandez de Cabrera -Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau -Mateo de la Mata Ponce de Leon -Melchor Bravo de Saravia -Melchor Linan y Cisneros -Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull -Miguel Nunez de Sanabria -Osambela House -Pedro Alvarez de Toledo y Leiva -Pedro Antonio Fernandez de Castro -Pedro Bohorquez -Pedro de la Gasca -San Telmo (ship) -Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire -Torre Tagle Palace -Tupac Amaru II -Turibius of Mongrovejo -Viceroyalty of Peru

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