The Treaty of Pilar (in Spanish, Tratado del Pilar) was a pact signed among the rulers of the Argentine provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Rios and Buenos Aires, which is recognized as the foundation of the federal organization of the country. It was signed in the city of Pilar, Buenos Aires on 23 February 1820 by governor Estanislao Lopez for Santa Fe, caudillo Francisco Ramirez for Entre Rios, and provisional governor Manuel Sarratea for Buenos Aires, after the dissolution of the national government caused by the Battle of Cepeda. A reference to it was included in the Preamble of the Argentine Constitution of 1853 as one of the "pre-existing pacts" fulfilled by it.
The treaty established national unity, the end of hostilities between the provinces, the withdrawal of military forces from Buenos Aires, a general amnesty for politically persecuted people, and the free navigability of the rivers Parana and the Uruguay by the signatories. It also called for deputies sent by them to be gathered in a congress in San Lorenzo, Santa Fe, 60 days afterwards, to decide on a federalist way of government. It noticeably excluded Jose Gervasio Artigas, former leader of the federalist Free Peoples' League, who had recently been defeated in Tacuarembo (present-day Uruguay) by the Portuguese forces based in Brazil. Artigas, who had been fighting along Santa Fe and Entre Rios against the centralists (anti-federalists) of Buenos Aires, denounced the pact as a treason on the part of his allies. Lopez wrote back to him explaining that the treaty was for the common good, and wondering whether Artigas was aware of the situation in the provinces.
The Treaty of Pilar was soon followed by the Treaty of Benegas for the mutual defense of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires against the expansionist Entre Rios, and two years later by the Quadrilateral Treaty (including Pilar's signatories plus Corrientes).
References
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Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica Argentina. Las relaciones de Santa Fe con Buenos Aires, Entre Rios y la Banda Oriental
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History-of-Argentina
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